The new valve may be made from metal (mechanical) or animal tissue (bio prosthetic). These valves are commercially produced and come in different sizes like shoes. Valves are picked to suit you.

Mechanical valves can last more than 30 years but require life-long anticoagulation medication (warfarin – strong blood thinners); while bio prosthetic valves last an average of 10-15 years, but do not require anticoagulation medication.

In the case of bio prosthetic valves, interventions after failure can be transcatheter valve therapies if suitable or high redo surgery.